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Dr K K Aggarwal

1. For every 20 mmHg fall of systolic (upper) and 10 fall of diastolic (lower) blood pressure one needs one intervention, either life style life style intervention or one drug.

2. Lifestyle management alone practiced for six months can reduce blood pressure by up to 20/10 mmHg.
3. If blood pressure is more than 20/10 mmHg above goal blood pressure, consideration should be given to initiating therapy with two drugs and one of which usually should be a diuretic.
4. Addition of a second drug from a different class should be initiated when use of a single drug in adequate doses fails to achieve the BP goal.
5. Most patients with high blood pressure require two or more antihypertensive drugs to achieve goal blood pressure.
6. Combinations of two or more drugs is also needed to achieve the target goal of 7. Two drugs in the small doses are better than a single drug in high dose.
8. With a triple drug therapy, one of which is a diuretic, it is practically possible to control blood pressure in over 99% of cases.
9. The most effective therapy prescribed will control high blood pressure only if patients are motivated.
10. Certain high-risk conditions are compelling indications for the initial use of other antihypertensive drug classes (ACE inhibitors, AR blockers, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers).
11. Thiazide-type diuretics should be used in drug treatment for most patients with uncomplicated high blood pressure, either alone or combined with drugs from other classes.
12. A limited rise in serum creatinine of as much as 35 percent above baseline with ACE inhibitors and AR blockers is acceptable and is not a reason to withhold treatment unless serum potassium rises.
13. With advanced renal disease (estimated GFR

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1. Try lifestyle management for up to 6 months. It can alone control blood pressure if initial blood pressure is < 160/100 mmHg.

2.  Lifestyle interventions have effects similar to single drug therapy.

3.  Combinations of two (or more) lifestyle modifications can achieve even better results.

4.      One should maintain normal body weight. One can achieve a reduction of  5–20 mmHg of BP for every 10 kg weight loss.

5. One should consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low fat dairy products with a reduced content of saturated and total fat. It can reduce a blood pressure of 8-14 mmHg.

6.  One should reduce dietary sodium intake to no more than 100 mmol per day (2.4 g sodium or 6 g sodium chloride). It can alone reduce blood pressure by 2-8 mmHg.

7. One should engage in regular aerobic physical activity such as brisk walking (at least 30 min per day, most days of the week). It can alone reduce blood pressure by 4-9 mmHg.

8. One should limit consumption of alcohol to no more than 2 drinks (1 oz or 30 mL ethanol; e.g., 24 oz beer, 10 oz wine, or 3 oz 80-proof whiskey) per day in most men and to no more than 1 drink per day in women and lighter weight persons. It can alone reduce blood pressure by 2-4 mmHg.

 

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