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Dr K K Aggarwal

Whenever we pray, think of God, undertake an internal healing procedure, make love, kiss someone, or meditate, we automatically close our eyes. It is a common Vedic saying that the soul resides in the heart and all the feelings are felt at the level of heart.

Most learning procedures in meditation involves sitting in an erect, straight posture,  closing the eyes, withdrawing from the world and concentrating on the object of concentration. Yoga Sutra of Patanjali describes pratihara (withdrawal of senses) as one of the seven limbs of yoga: Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratihara, Dharma, Dhyana and Samadhi.

After pranayama, one needs to withdraw from the world and the senses and then begin dhyana on the object of concentration. The process of pratihara becomes easy and is initiated with the closing of the eyes. The inward journey starts with the detachment of the body from the external world and in yogic language, it is called Kayotsarga, the first step of meditation..

Even when the process of hypnosis is begun, a person is made to lie down, look at the roof and withdraw from the world. The procedure involves asking the person to gently roll the eyeball up until he goes into a trance. Rolling of the eyeballs upward has the same physiological significance as that of closing the eyes.

When we close our eyes, there is a suppression of sympathetic nervous system and activation of parasympathetic nervous system. The blood pressure and pulse reduce and skin resistance goes up. A person goes into a progressive phase of internal and muscular relaxation. The inward journey is a journey towards restful alertness where the body is restful yet the consciousness is alert. The intention is to relax the body and than the attention is focused on the object of concentration. Most visualization and meditation techniques involve closing of the eyes.

By detaching from the external stimuli, the activities of the five senses are suppressed and ones awareness shifts from a disturbed to an undisturbed state of consciousness. This inner journey helps in producing a state of ritam bhara pragya where the inner vibrations of the body are in symphony with the vibrations of the nature.

People who visit Vaishno Devi by traveling long distances on foot enter the cave and as soon as they have the darshan of Maa Vaishno Devi, they close their eyes. This is natural and instant. Even though Maa Vaishno Devi cannot be felt in the murti, her presence is felt in the heart and that presence can only be felt by closing the eyes.

Most yogic techniques like shavasana, yoga nidra, body-mind relaxation, progressive muscular relaxation, hypnosis involves closing the eyes in the very first step. Daytime nap is also incomplete without closing the eyes. Shok Sabha and two minutes silence are also practiced with the eyes closed. When we think of someone or try to remember something, the body automatically closes the eyes and one starts exploring the hidden memories. To recall something, one has to withdraw from the external world through its five senses.

Only advanced yogis or rishis acquire the power where with eyes opened they are in a state of Ritam, Bhara, Pragya. These yogic powers are acquired by practicing advanced sutra meditation for hours, days and years.  Lord Shiva is often portrayed in a meditative pose sitting on Kailash Parvat with his eyes semi opened. But for ordinary persons like us where the aim is to be in that phase only for 20 minutes twice in a day, the best is to close our eyes as the first step towards the process of meditation.

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Health is not mere absence of disease; it is a state of physical, mental, social, spiritual, environmental and financial well being. All aspects of health are not defined in allopathy. During MBBS, medical students are taught more about the physical health. Social and mental health is covered only in few lectures. Community health is a separate subject but never given its due importance. Spiritual health is not defined at all and financial health is hardly covered.

Yet, in day today practice it is the social, financial, spiritual and community health which is the most important during patient-doctor communication. It is incorporated in the four basic purposes: Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha. Dharma and Artha together forms the basis of karma which righteous earning.

You are what your deep rooted desires are. Most of the diseases today can be traced to a particular emotion, positive or negative. Anger and jealously are related with heart attack, fear with blood pressure, greed & possessiveness with heart failure. Unless the mind is healthy, one cannot be free of diseases.

The best description of health comes from Ayurveda. In Sanskrit health means Swasthya, which means establishment in the self. One is established in the self when there is a union of mind, body and soul. Most symbols of health are established around a shaft with two snakes and two wings. The shaft represents the body, two snakes represent the duality of mind and the two wings represent the freedom of soul.

Sushrut Samhita in Chapter 15 Shloka 10 defines health as under:

Samadosha, samagnischa,
Samadhatumalkriyah,
Prasannatmendriyamanah,
Swastha iti abhidhiyate.

From Ayurveda point of view for a person to be healthy must have balanced doshas, balanced Agni, balanced dhatus, normal functioning of malkriyas and mind, body, spirit and indriyas full of bliss and happiness.

Human body is made up of structures (Kapha) which have two basic functions to perform; firstly, metabolism (pitta) and movement (vata). Vata, Pitta and Kapha are called doshas in Ayurveda. Samana dosha means balance of structures, metabolism and movement functions in the body. Agni in Ayurveda is said to be in balance when a person has normal Tejas and a good appetite.

Ayurveda describes seven dhatus: rasa, rakta, mamsa, medha, majja, asthi, shukra and they are required to be in balance. They are equivalent to various tissues in the human body.

Ayurveda necessitates proper functioning of natural urges like urination, stool, sweating and breathing and that is what balances in malakriya means.

Ayurveda says for a person to be healthy he has to be mentally and spiritually healthy which will only happen when his or her indriyas are cheerful, full of bliss and devoid of any negativities. For indriyas to be in balance one has to learn to control over the lust cum desires, greed and ego. This can be done by learning regular pranayama, learning the do’s and don’ts in life, living in a disciplined atmosphere and learn to live in the present.

Regular pranayama shifts one from sympathetic to para sympathetic mode, balances the mind and thoughts and helps in removing negative thoughts from the mind. For living a disabled life one can follow the yama and niyama of yoga sutras of patanjali or do’s and don’ts taught by various religious gurus, leaders and principles of naturopathy. Living in the present means conscious or meditative living. This involves either learning meditation 20 minutes twice a day or learning subtle mental exercises like mind-body relaxation, yogic shavasana, self-hypnotic exercises, etc.

According to Yoga Sutras of Patanjali a person who eats thrice a day is a rogi, twice a day is a bhogi and once a day is yogi. The take home message is: to live more one has to eat less.

Swar yoga defines the importance of respiration and longevity. According to this yoga shastra, everybody has a fixed number of breaths to be taken during the life span. Lesser the number a person takes in a minute more is the life. It also forms the basis of pranayama which is nothing but longer and deeper breathing with reduced respiratory rate. To be healthy one can remember to follow the principle of moderation and variety in diet & exercise, regular pranayama & meditation and positive thinking.

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To live above the age of 80 without a heart attack, one need to have ideal health parameters and life style and both can be remembered with the formula of eighty.

Health Parameters: In order to achieve this, it is advisable to maintain fasting blood sugar (FBS) (mg%), fasting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) bad cholesterol (mg/dL), diastolic lower blood pressure (mm Hg), resting heart rate, and abdominal girth (cm) all below 80.  Apart one should also keep the kidney and ling functions above 80.

1. Abdominal (Waist) Circumference: Increase in abdominal obesity (also called central adiposity or visceral, android, or male-type obesity) is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Patients with abdominal obesity are more likely to develop heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

2. Abdominal obesity is assessed by measuring body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. The waist circumference is measured with a flexible tape placed on a horizontal plane at the level of the iliac crest as seen from the anterior view. In adults with a BMI above 23 kg/m2, waist circumference >80 cm is associated with a greater risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia (abnormal cholesterol levels), and heart disease.

3.  Blood Pressure: Diastolic lower blood pressure should be kept below 80 mm Hg. If it is between 80 and 90 mm Hg, it is called pre hypertension and if it is above 90 mm Hg, it is called hypertension. A person with pre hypertension is three times more likely to develop heart attack and 1.7 times more likely to develop heart disease than a person whose diastolic lower blood pressure is <80 mm Hg. If pre hypertension is aggressively treated, 45% of all heart attacks can be prevented.

4.  According to the guidelines of The 2007 United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), individuals with diastolic lower blood pressure <80 mm Hg are recommended for screening every 2 years, whereas individuals with diastolic lower blood pressure between 80 and 89 mm Hg are recommended for yearly screening. Patients with pre hypertension have a greater prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors than those with normal blood pressures. Presence of at least one adverse risk factor (high cholesterol levels, overweight/obesity, and diabetes mellitus) is significantly more likely among pre hypertensive patients than normotensive individuals. There is an association between pre hypertension and microalbuminuria (presence of albumin in urine in micro amounts), which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and early cardiovascular mortality.

5. Blood Sugar: Fasting blood sugar above 80 mg% increases the risk of macrovascular diseases (heart attack, paralysis, and peripheral vascular disease), but not microvascular diseases (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy- eye, nerve and kidney involvement). However, Fasting blood sugar above 126 mg% increases the risk for both macrovascular and microvascular diseases. For optimum cardiovascular protection, the blood sugar should be below 80 mg%.

6.  Cholesterol: The optimal value for LDL bad cholesterol is < 80 mg% for Indian population,  A one standard deviation (38.5 mg/dL) LDL increase is associated with an age-adjusted relative risk for heart disease of 1.42 for men and 1.37 for women.  Patients at high risk of developing heart disease might also be expected to benefit from more intensive lipid-lowering therapy. Such patients should be treated with the lowest dose of a statin that reduces their LDL-C below 80

7. Resting heart rate: Higher the resting heart rate more the chances of sudden death. Ideal rate is to keep it lower than 80 per minute.

8.  Kidney functions: If the kidney functions are below 80% the person is at risk for heart blockages.

9.  Lung functions: One should keep the lung capacity above 80% to get the maximum benefit of Pranayama.

Healthy life style: Again whatever you do follow the principle of 80.

1. Diet: Eating fewer calories has been shown to reduce the chances of developing heart attack. One gram of food contains six calories on an average ( 9 grams in fat, 4 each in carbohydrates and proteins). One should not eat more than 80 g or 80 ml of caloric food in any meal. The less you eat the more you olive is a Vedic saying.

Also it’s a Vedic saying that one should not eat cereals ( wheat, rice) for up to 80 days in a year and was the basis for Vedic spiritual fasts. Eating cereals every day especially the refined carbohydrates ( white sugar white maida and white rice) is responsible for high insulin levels  with insulin resistance.

2. Exercise: Adequate walking cum exercise duration per day is 80 minutes. Cardiovascular training exercise involves walking 80 steps a minute for 80 minutes a week.  Cardiovascular exercise involves attaining 80% of target heart rate (220- age is 100% target heart rate).

3. Time to yourself: One should give atleast 80 minutes of time to oneself in a day

(includes time for meditation,  getting absorbed in the present work, relaxing, fulfilling your hobby etc). This can also be done  smiling and laughing when ever an opportunity arises to 80 times a day.

4. Pranayama: One should do 80 alternate nostril pranayama a day. Or one should do 80 UMMMMM chanting a day.

5. Alcohol: For those who consume social drinks (with no contraindications) the dose is less than 80 g in 1 week (10 g is 30 mL 80 proof whisky). In women, it is 80 g in 2 weeks. Also one should not take more than 80 mL of whisky in 1 day (males). For females it is half of that of males.

6. Clapping: those who believe that clapping is good for the health should do 80 clapping a day.

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